腹壁可触及肿物的超声辨认（二）

Miscellaneous Lesions 其他病症.. Urachal Cyst 纤尿管息肉A urachal cyst may be seen in between the umbilicus and the bladder. It is usually situated in the lower third of the urachus but can be seen just inferior to the umbilicus. These cysts may appear totally anechoic or may reveal low-level internal echoes (Figure 11 )纤尿管息肉常见于纤和膀胱两者之间，往往设在纤尿管的下1/3 ，但也可常见于仅设在纤下。这些息肉可展现为无论如何无回声或低回声。

Figure 11. A, Urachal cyst. The cyst is infected and contains faintly echogenic fluid. B, Urachal cyst. The anterior wall of the tense cyst produces reverberation artifacts. 示意图11A，纤尿管息肉，此息肉已受感染，内部含有微小回声的液体。B，纤尿管息肉，紧绷的息肉前壁造成反射伪影。

..Endometriosis内膜内膜高血压Endometriosis of the abdominal wall may occur as a long-term complication of uterine surgery. It has no specific appearance but is seen as a focal mass at the scar of previous surgery with attacks of cyclic pain and swelling (Figure 12 ).十二指肠内膜内膜高血压是内膜做手术的近十年合并症，无特殊展现，但可于以前手术的瘢痕西北侧见一局部肿物，并有周期开放性的疼痛和肿胀。

Figure 12. Endometriosis in a cesarean delivery scar. 示意图12 ，剖宫产脸部西北侧内膜内膜高血压

...Abdominal Wall Hematoma 十二指肠血肿A rectus sheath hematoma may develop after paroxysms of coughing or sneezing or after seizures. The underlying cause is usually either anticoagulant therapy or some bleeding disorder. Because these hematomas are limited within the rectus sheath, they are not very big. Their shape depends on their location. Above the arcuate line, they are usually ovoid in shape with the long axis superoinferior and are seen on one side (Figure 13A ). Below the arcuate line, because of the absence of the linea alba, they can extend across the midline. Then the hematoma may be seen as a padlike lesion with its maximum length along the transverse axis.21–23 In one neonate, an abdominal wall hematoma was seen to spread transversely in the supraumbilical region (Figure 13, B and C ). In patients with post surgical disseminated intrascular coagulation, large hematomas are seen in the abdominal wall in the vicinity of the surgical scar (Figure 13D ).腹直肌鞘血肿可发生地发作开放性气喘后、呕吐或癫痫发作后，其深层次往往是抗凝放射治疗或出血开放性疾病。由于血肿限制于腹直肌鞘内，往往不更大，其形状根据所西北侧前方而定，在弓状该线以上，血肿常为卵圆形，长轴长方形上下方向，可于一侧见到（示意图13A）；在弓状该线以下，由于腹白该线缺如，可适配移向中都该线，因此血肿展现为分叶状，其小得多长度设在横轴上。在新生儿十二指肠血肿可常见于纤上横向适配（示意图13B、C）。术后弥散开放性腹腔内心肌的病人可于十二指肠手术瘢痕附近见到大的血肿（示意图13D）。

Figure 13. A, Rectus sheath hematoma in an elderly woman after severe cough. Arrows point to the fascia transversalis. B, Abdominal wall hematoma in a neonate. C, Abdominal wall hematoma overlying umbilical vein insertion in a neonate. UV indicates umbilical vein. D, Abdominal wall hematoma in a cesarean delivery scar in a patient with disseminated intrascular coagulation. 示意图13A，一中都年妇女轻微气喘后腹直肌鞘血肿，左下角指示腹横筋膜。B，新生儿十二指肠血肿。C，一新生儿纤脊柱附着西北侧上面的十二指肠血肿。UV，纤脊柱。D，一弥散开放性腹腔内心肌的剖宫产术后病人疤痕西北侧十二指肠血肿。

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